Page Last Updated
Palladium is a chemical element with symbol Pd and atomic number 46. It is a rare and lustrous silvery-white metal discovered in 1803 by William Hyde Wollaston. He named it after the asteroid Pallas, which was itself named after the epithet of the Greek goddess Athena, acquired by her when she slew Pallas. Palladium, platinum, rhodium, ruthenium, iridium and osmium form a group of elements referred to as the platinum group metals (PGMs). These have similar chemical properties, but palladium has the lowest melting point and is the least dense of them. More than half the supply of palladium and its congener platinum is used in catalytic converters, which convert as much as 90% of the harmful gases in automobile exhaust (hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide, and nitrogen dioxide) into less noxious substances (nitrogen, carbon dioxide and water vapor). Palladium is also used in electronics, dentistry, medicine, hydrogen purification, chemical applications, groundwater treatment, and jewelry. Palladium is a key component of fuel cells, which react hydrogen with oxygen to produce electricity, heat, and water. Ore deposits of palladium and other PGMs are rare. The most extensive deposits have been found in the norite belt of the Bushveld Igneous Complex covering the Transvaal Basin in South Africa, the Stillwater Complex in Montana, United States, the Sudbury Basin and Thunder Bay District of Ontario, Canada, and the Norilsk Complex in Russia. Recycling is also a source, mostly from scrapped catalytic converters. The numerous applications and limited supply sources result in considerable investment interest.
3G/2G Data Pack 50 | |
---|---|
Validity: 30 DAYS Pack last changed 11 May 2024 | |
3G/2G Data Pack 75 | |
Validity: 30 DAYS Pack last changed 11 May 2024 | |
3G/2G Data Pack 170 | |
Validity: 30 DAYS Pack last changed 11 May 2024 | |
3G/2G Data Pack 225 | |
Validity: 30 DAYS Pack last changed 11 May 2024 | |
3G/2G Unlimited Data Pack 240 | |
Validity: 30 DAYS Pack last changed 11 May 2024 | |
3G/2G Data Pack 290 | |
Validity: 30 DAYS Pack last changed 11 May 2024 | |
3G/2G Unlimited Data Pack 340 | |
Validity: 30 DAYS Pack last changed 11 May 2024 | |
3G/2G Data Pack 501 | |
Validity: 30 DAYS Pack last changed 11 May 2024 | |
3G/2G Data Pack 549 | |
Validity: 30 DAYS Pack last changed 11 May 2024 | |
3G/2G Unlimited Data Pack 666 | |
Validity: 30 DAYS Pack last changed 11 May 2024 | |
3G/2G Unlimited Data Pack 901 | |
Validity: 30 DAYS Pack last changed 11 May 2024 | |
3G/2G Unlimited Data Pack 1711 | |
Validity: 30 DAYS Pack last changed 11 May 2024 |
3G/2G Data Pack 50 | |
---|---|
Validity: 30 DAYS Pack last changed 10 May 2024 | |
3G/2G Data Pack 75 | |
Validity: 30 DAYS Pack last changed 10 May 2024 | |
3G/2G Data Pack 170 | |
Validity: 30 DAYS Pack last changed 10 May 2024 | |
3G/2G Data Pack 225 | |
Validity: 30 DAYS Pack last changed 10 May 2024 | |
3G/2G Unlimited Data Pack 240 | |
Validity: 30 DAYS Pack last changed 10 May 2024 |