Fiji

Fiji (ˈfiːdʒi ; Viti ˈβitʃi; Fiji Hindi: फ़िजी), officially the Republic of Fiji (Matanitu Tugalala o Viti; Fiji Hindi: फ़िजी गणराज्य), is an island country in Melanesia, part of Oceania in the South Pacific Ocean about 1100 nmi northeast of New Zealands North Island. Its closest neighbours are Vanuatu to the west, New Caledonia to the southwest, New Zealands Kermadec Islands to the southeast, Tonga to the east, the Samoas and Frances Wallis and Futuna to the northeast, and Tuvalu to the north.Fiji is an archipelago of more than 330 islands—of which 110 are permanently inhabited—and more than 500 islets, amounting to a total land area of about 18300 km2. The farthest island is Ono-i-Lau. The two major islands, Viti Levu and Vanua Levu, account for 87% of the total population of . The capital, Suva on Viti Levu, serves as Fijis principal cruise port. About three-quarters of Fijians live on Viti Levus coasts, either in Suva or in smaller urban centres like Nadi (with tourism being the major industry) or Lautoka (sugar cane industry). Viti Levus interior is sparsely inhabited due to its terrain.The sovereign state of Fiji has one of the most developed economies in the Pacific due to an abundance of forest, mineral, and fish resources. Today, the main sources of foreign exchange are its tourist industry and sugar exports. The countrys currency is the Fijian dollar. Fijis local government, in the form of city and town councils, is supervised by the Ministry of Local Government and Urban Development.The majority of Fijis islands were formed through volcanic activity starting around 150 million years ago. Today, some geothermal activity still occurs on the islands of Vanua Levu and Taveuni. Fiji has been inhabited since the second millennium BC, and was settled first by Austronesians and later by Melanesians, with some Polynesian influences. Europeans visited Fiji from the 17th century, and, after a brief period as an independent kingdom, the British established the Colony of Fiji in 1874. Fiji was a Crown colony until 1970, when it gained independence as the Dominion of Fiji. A republic was declared in 1987, following a series of coups détat.In a coup in 2006, Commodore Frank Bainimarama seized power. When the High Court ruled in 2009 that the military leadership was unlawful, President Ratu Josefa Iloilo, whom the military had retained as the nominal Head of State, formally abrogated the Constitution and reappointed Bainimarama. Later in 2009, Iloilo was replaced as President by Ratu Epeli Nailatikau. After years of delays, a democratic election was held on 17 September 2014. Bainimaramas FijiFirst party won with 59.2% of the vote, and the election was deemed credible by international observers.

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