Ji Tian

Tiān () is one of the oldest Chinese terms for heaven and a key concept in Chinese mythology, philosophy, and religion. During the Shang Dynasty (17–11th centuries BCE), the Chinese referred to their supreme god as Shàngdì (, Lord on High) or Dì (,Lord). During the following Zhou Dynasty, Tiān became synonymous with this figure. Heaven worship was, before the 20th century, an orthodox state religion of China.In Taoism and Confucianism, Tiān (the celestial aspect of the cosmos, often translated as Heaven) is mentioned in relationship to its complementary aspect of Dì (地, often translated as Earth). These two aspects of Daoist cosmology are representative of the dualistic nature of Taoism. They are thought to maintain the two poles of the Three Realms () of reality, with the middle realm occupied by Humanity (, Rén), and the lower world occupied by demons (, Mó) and phantoms, ghosts; haunts (, Guǐ).

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